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International Studies Quarterly (2008) 52, 25–47 Information, Bias, and Mediation Success* Burcu Savun University of Pittsburgh Why do some mediation episodes produce successful negotiated settlements between the disputants of international conï ¬â€šict while others fail to achieve success? This article examines how certain characteristics of a mediator, that is, a mediator’s information about the disputants and a mediator’s bias toward them, affect the success of mediation of international conï ¬â€šicts. By drawing a conceptual distinction between absolute and relative bias and measuring the type of information that is relevant for mediation success, I demonstrate that both the degree of bias a mediator holds toward the disputants and†¦show more content†¦First, past mediation studies suffer either from the inability to generalize empirical ï ¬ ndings that are based on few case studies or inconclusive empirical results that are based on crude operational measures of a mediator’s bias. To remedy this situation, I ï ¬ rst establish a conceptual distinction between what I cal l ‘‘absolute’’ and ‘‘relative’’ bias. I contend that the degree of bias a mediator has toward one of the disputants depends not only on the relationship between the mediator and the disputant but also on the mediator’s relationship with the other disputant. I call this relative bias. To create a valid and reliable estimator of bias, I construct an additive index of relative bias based on a mediator’s conï ¬â€šict history, trading relationship, and alliance ties with both of the disputants. To my knowledge, this is the ï ¬ rst scholarly attempt to distinguish relative bias from absolute bias and to design a multidimensional measure of mediator bias that is unique to each dispute. Rather than assigning a generic ‘‘biased’’ or ‘‘unbiased’’ label to mediators of international conï ¬â€šict, I measure a mediator’s bias toward the disputants of a particular dispu te in various dimensions. A second source of the existing disagreement on the effect of a mediator’s bias on mediation outcomes is related to what we mean by mediation.Show MoreRelatedMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pages(The 4 P s Of Marketing) 3.5. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Ethics in Marketing 4. Have you understood type questions 5. Summary 6. Exercises 7. References 1. 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